Section 4 Review on Page 210

Summarize the flow of genetic information. It flows from DNA to mRNA to ribosome to protein.

List  four ways in which the structure of RNA differs from that of DNA.
  • DNA has the bases adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.
    RNA has the bases adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine.
  • DNA has sugar deoxiribose.
    • RNA has sugar ribose.
  • DNA is double stranded.
    • RNA is single stranded. 
  • DNA can duplicate itself
    • RNA cannot. 
Describe the structure and function of each of the three types of RNA. 
  • RNA: carries the genetic information
  • tRNA: brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis 
  • rRNA: guides the translation of mRNA into a protein
Sequence the main steps of transcription.
  • The two DNA strands are unwind and separated by the RNA polymerase. 
  • The complementary nucleotides are added.
  • The DNA and the new RNA are released by the polymerase.
What is the genetic code? The genetic code is the set of rules by which information in the genetic material is translated into proteins.

Compare the roles of the three different types of RNA during translation.
  • rRNA- make up the ribosomes that play an essential role in the transcription of DNA. 
  • mRNA- bring selected segments of DNA copies to ribosomes to be transcripted. 
  • tRNA- bring anti-codons to ribosomes so that amino acids can be created.
Describe the significance of identifying the entire sequence of the human genome. It is  important because learning which gene sequences control particular biological functions may help  treat and prevent cancer and other diseases.

How does the role of RNA polymerase in transcription differ from that of DNA polymerase in DNA replication. As its name implies, DNA polymerase incorporates deoxyribonucleotides into the new strand. RNA polymerase incorporates nucleotides. 
What amino acids would translation of the mRNA with the sequence UAACAAGGAGCAUCC produce? It wouldn't produce one because the first one is a STOP codon.

Discuss why it is important which of the two DNA strands serves as a template during transcription. Because only one can be duplicated.

 How does the structure of tRNA relate to it's function in translation.  tRNA binds to the mRNA and translates it into proteins. A ribosome reads the sequence on an mRNA strand and adds a tRNA molecule together with it which then bonds to this mRNA strand and releases the amino acid attached.
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